Earth Observing System AM1 mission to Earth
نویسندگان
چکیده
In 1998, NASA launches EOS-AM1, the first of a series of the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. EOS will monitor the evolution of the state of the earth for 18 years, starting with the morning observations of EOS-AM1 (10:30 a.m. equatorial crossing time). An integrated view of the earth, as planned by EOS, is needed to study the interchange of energy, moisture, and carbon between the lands, oceans, and atmosphere. The launch of EOS-AM1 and other international satellites marks a new phase of climate and global change research. Both natural and anthropogenic climate change have been studied for more than a century. It is now recognized that processes that vary rapidly in time and space—e.g., aerosol, clouds, land use, and exchanges of energy and moisture—must be considered to adequately explain the temperature record and predict future climate change. Frequent measurements with adequate resolution, as only possible from spacecraft, are key tools in such an effort. The versatile and highly accurate EOSAM1 data, together with previous satellite records, as well as data from the Advanced Earth Observing System (ADEOS) (I and II), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR), Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), EOS-PM1, Land Remote-Sensing Satellite (Landsat), and ground-based networks is expected to revolutionize the way scientists look at climate change. This article introduces the EOS-AM1 mission and the special issue devoted to it. Following a brief historical perspective for an insight into the purpose and objectives of the mission, we shall summarize the characteristics of the five instruments onboard EOS-AM1. Specifically, we concentrate on the innovative elements of these five instruments and provide examples of the science issues that require this type of data. These examples show the importance of collecting data simultaneously from each of the five EOS-AM1 sensors for studying rapidly varying processes and parameters.
منابع مشابه
Analysis of the access patterns at GSFC Distributed Active Archive Center
The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) has been operational for more than two years. Its mission is to support existing and pre-Earth Observing System (EOS) Earth science datasets, facilitate the scientific research, and test Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) concepts. Over 550,000 files and documents have been archived, and mor...
متن کاملAqua: an Earth-Observing Satellite mission to examine water and other climate variables
Aqua is a major satellite mission of the Earth Observing System (EOS), an international program centered at the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Aqua satellite carries six distinct earth-observing instruments to measure numerous aspects of earth’s atmosphere, land, oceans, biosphere, and cryosphere, with a concentration on water in the earth system. Launched on May...
متن کاملTerra mission operations: Launch to the present (and beyond)
The Terra satellite, flagship of NASA’s long-term Earth Observing System (EOS) Program, continues to provide useful earth science observations well past its 5-year design lifetime. This paper describes the evolution of Terra operations, including challenges and successes and the steps taken to preserve science requirements and prolong spacecraft life. Working cooperatively with the Terra scienc...
متن کاملEquitable Allocation of Earth Observing Satellites Resources
Abstract: Large space projects like Earth Observing Satellites are often co-funded by several agents (countries, civil and military agencies, . . . ). Accordingly, their exploitation must take into account a specific requirement : the allocation of resources among the different agents must be equitable. But it must also be efficient, that is, the available resources must not be under-exploited....
متن کاملAdvanced Instruments and Their Impact on Earth Science Missions (i)
Spaceflight instrument mass and size have a large impact on mission planning. NASA has been investing in a new generation of Earth-observing instruments through the Instrument Incubator Program. Several instruments and their improvements are described. A companion paper examines the mission planning implications.
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing
دوره 36 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1998